LET’S MAKE SENSE OF YOUR WATER!
City of Denver Public Water Systems Water Quality Report
Population Served: 1,500,000
Primary Water Source: Mountain snowmelt stored in reservoirs from the South Platte, Colorado, and Arkansas River basins
Source: City of Denver
DID YOU KNOW water quality reports, also known as “Consumer Confidence Reports (CCRs),” are annual documents that all public water systems are required to provide to you via mail and online. These reports are supposed to provide important information about the quality of the drinking water delivered over the previous year.
They can be difficult to read or understand. They are often many pages long and contain complex tables and charts. Culligan Water wants to change this and help you MAKE SENSE OF YOUR WATER.
This easy-to-read report will provide you with the following:
- Items of interest: Common water issues discussed within your community.
- Potential concerns: Unregulated contaminants that could be a health concern to you or your family.
- Water hardness: The current level of hard water in your area.
The Water Quality Report Legend:
- Health Concern Contaminants that have known health effects that the EPA regulates to protect public health.
- Aesthetic Issue Not necessarily a health risk but can affect your water’s appearance, taste, or odor.
- Unregulated Possible health risk but NO standards set by the EPA. Emerging chemicals and compounds the EPA is gathering data on.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant that triggers additional action.
Public Health Goal (PHG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water that doesn’t pose a significant risk to health. PHG’s are NOT regulatory standards, and may not be attainable due to current remediation technologies.
ppm: parts per million (μg/L)
ppm: parts per billion (mg/L)
A Summary Of The Denison Water Quality Report
1) Infrastructure & Water System Overview
Denver’s drinking water system is supplied by a diverse network of reservoirs and treatment plants designed to serve millions of residents throughout the region.
Water is treated at advanced purification facilities using processes such as:
- Coagulation and flocculation
- Sedimentation
- Filtration
- Disinfection with chloramines
Some treatment facilities also use advanced oxidation and granular activated carbon filtration, helping remove organic compounds and improve overall water quality before the water enters the distribution system.
2) Water Sources and Usage
Denver’s drinking water primarily comes from snowmelt captured in mountain reservoirs across Colorado.
Water supplies originate from multiple river basins, including:
- South Platte River Basin
- Colorado River Basin
- Arkansas River Basin
This water is stored in reservoirs such as Strontia Springs, Spinney Mountain, Turquoise, and Dillon, before being treated and delivered through the city’s distribution system.
Seasonal changes in water supply can influence mineral levels, taste, and water hardness throughout the year.
3) Disinfection and Water Treatment
Denver utilities use chloramines as a disinfectant to maintain water safety as it travels through miles of pipes.
Chloramines are a combination of chlorine and ammonia that help protect drinking water from microbial contamination.
While effective for public health protection, chloramines can sometimes create:
- A mild chlorine-like taste
- Skin or eye irritation for sensitive individuals
- Reduced effectiveness of some basic carbon filters
Many homeowners install whole-house carbon filtration or reverse osmosis systems to improve taste and remove residual disinfectants.
Minerals and Water Quality Highlights
Denver water contains naturally occurring minerals that come from mountain geology and regional watersheds.
Common mineral characteristics include:
- Fluoride: ~0.72 ppm
- Nitrate: ~0.28 ppm
- Total Hardness: ~113 ppm
- Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): ~228 ppm
- Average pH: ~8.1
These minerals are not harmful but can influence:
- Taste and odor
- Scale buildup on plumbing fixtures
- Appliance efficiency over time
Because of this, many Denver homeowners install water softeners or drinking water filtration systems.
Items of Interest
Common Tap Water Issues in Denver
Denver’s drinking water meets state and federal standards, but it can still contain trace levels of certain substances that affect taste, odor, or day-to-day water quality in the home. Below are a few common water quality highlights reported in Denver’s Water Quality Report.
Chlroamines
EPA Max. Contaminant Level: 4.0
Public Health Goal: N/A
Concerns: Taste and odor; dry skin/irritation
Removal: Whole House Water Filters, Reverse Osmosis Water Filters
Nitrate
EPA Max. Contaminant Level: 10
Public Health Goal: 10
Concerns: Cancer, cardiovascular issues, skin lesions
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
Fluoride
EPA Max. Contaminant Level: 4
Public Health Goal: 4
Concerns: Overexposure can cause dental or skeletal fluorosis
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
Potential Concerns
Explore Unregulated Contaminants in Denver Water
Some contaminants are monitored closely because they can be present at trace levels as part of normal water treatment. Denver reports these results to help track long-term water quality and treatment performance. While the results shown remain below EPA limits, these disinfection byproducts can still be a concern for some households over time.
HAA5
EPA Max. Contaminant Level (MCL): 60
Public Health Goal: 0
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Water Softeners, Whole House Water Filters
TTHM
EPA Max. Contaminant Level: 80
Public Health Goal: 0
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
Hardness Concerns
Does Denver Have Hard Water?
Yes. Denver’s water is considered slightly hard, with an average hardness of about 113 mg/L as calcium carbonate. Hard water isn’t a health concern, but it can leave mineral buildup on faucets, dishes, and appliances — and it can make soaps and detergents less effective. A water softener helps reduce scaling, improves lather and rinsing, and can help plumbing and water-using appliances run more efficiently over time.
Hard Water
Public Health Goal: N/A
Concerns: Dry skin/hair, scale, soap scum, mineral buildup in appliances
Removal: Water Softeners, Whole House Water Filters
Forever Chemicals
PFAS Contaminants in Denver Water
Denver’s report includes an Unregulated Contaminants Monitoring Results (UCMR5) section, and in the results shown, lithium was the only contaminant reported as detected. Over 25 results are listed as detected in that UCMR5 section. Even so, PFAS remain a broader concern across the U.S. as monitoring expands, and many homeowners choose proactive filtration for added peace of mind.
PFOS
Minimum Reporting Level: 4 ppt
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
PFPeA
Minimum Reporting Level: 4 ppt
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
PFBS
Minimum Reporting Level: 4 ppt
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
PFHxA
Minimum Reporting Level: 4 ppt
Concerns: Cancer
Removal: Reverse Osmosis Water Filters, Whole House Water Filters
Schedule a Free Water Test in Denver
Water quality can vary from neighborhood to neighborhood depending on plumbing age, seasonal water sources, and local infrastructure.
A professional water test can help identify:
- Hardness levels
- Disinfectants like chloramines
- Minerals affecting taste
- Potential contaminants
Schedule a free water test today to better understand your home’s water quality and treatment options.
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